Ions and salts
Common salt is the best known example of the large, important group of compounds known collectively as "salts". Sodium chloride displays many of the properties associated with salts and, in many ways, is a typical salt. Like all salts, sodium chloride is composed of innumerable individual ions forming a giant ionic crystal lattice, commonly called a salt crystal. The topic, NaCl, sodium chloride or common salt should be read in conjunction with this topic. Ions When an atom or molecule loses electrons, it becomes positively charged. The size of the charge is dependent on the number of electrons lost. The sodium atom loses one electron to form a 1+ ion, while aluminium can loses 3 electrons to form a 3+ ion. Negative ions are formed when atoms gain electrons. The size of the charge is again dependant on the number of electrons gained. The chlorine atom gains one electron to form the chloride ion, Cl- ion, while oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O2-.
Below is a table of common ions, listed by charge.
Note: when
a metal atom can form more than one positive ion, the charge on the ion
is given by Roman Numerals in brackets. The negative ions of non-metals
lose the ending of the atom's name and replace it with the letters -ide.
Polyatomic ions containing oxygen end in -ite and Polyatomic
ions Salts
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